There can never be a white edge next to a white edge, therefore, there are constraints, meaning there are not infinite permutations, there are patterns, structure built into the chaos, but it’s only chaos, unless you know what to look for, which is where practice and experience give help you see the patterns.
Pattern Recognition
When solving a cube, you’re looking for a pattern. If this pattern, then that algorithm.
Repetitions/Experience lead to Pattern Recognition and Muscle Memory
See Reps
Multi-dimensional thinking
Seeing multiple moves ahead
Multiple Solutions
There is more than just one method to solve: OLL/PLL is fast if you can make mental images instantly. But there is always F2L, which is slower and certain, like the tortoise.
Additional Notes
Basic method, CFOP
People look at the colors as sides, but it’s better to look at each cube individually.